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Improving Aided Hearing at High Input Levels

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1.  Studebaker et al. (1999) study showed which of the following:
  1. Speech understanding decreases at very high input levels
  2. Speech understanding decreases as signal-to-noise ratio used decreases
  3. The decrease in speech understanding is seen in both normal and hearing listeners
  4. All of the above
2.  What could be a physiological reason for a decrease in speech performance at very high input levels?
  1. cognitive overload
  2. attentional issues
  3. upward spread of masking
  4. non-specificity of the stimulation (many areas of the basilar membrane are stimulated)
3.  What was the main conclusion from Cox and Alexander (1991) study?
  1. Hearing aids are of no benefits
  2. Hearing aids are of limited or negative benefits at soft levels
  3. Hearing aids are of limited or negative benefits at high input levels
  4. Use of directional microphones and nonlinear processing is necessary in hearing aids
4.  Which of the following is (are) important to ensure better aided than unaided speech in noise performance?
  1. True Input Technology
  2. Sufficient maximum power output
  3. Optimal bandwidth (or frequency response)
  4. All of the above
5.  The input limit of the DREAM hearing aid is:
  1. 89 dB SPL
  2. 103 dB SPL
  3. 113 dB SPL
  4. 143 dB SPL
6.  What did Chasin report in his 2014 study on the DREAM?
  1. Subjects did better with the DREAM than the CLEAR on speech in noise task
  2. Subjects preferred the DREAM and CLEAR equally on both speech and music preference
  3. Subjects showed higher preference for the DREAM over the CLEAR at both average and high input levels of presentation
  4. Subjects showed higher preference for the DREAM over the CLEAR only at high input levels of presentation
7.  Which of the following factors were included in the Kuk et al. (2015) study design?
  1. Normal and hearing impaired listeners were used
  2. Subjects were tested in quiet and in noise at different input and SNR
  3. Subjects with hearing aids were tested aided and unaided
  4. All of the above
8.  What are the conclusions from the Kuk et al (2015) study?
  1. The DREAM hearing aids do provide benefits at a high input level
  2. Performance (speech understanding and subjective preference) plateaued and/or decreased above 85 dB SPL for both aided and unaided
  3. Normal hearing people perform just as poorly as hearing impaired people in loud noisy situations at a negative SNR
  4. All of the above
9.  Which of the following hearing aid feature would NOT yield better aided than unaided performance at a high input level?
  1. Open fit
  2. WDRC
  3. Noise reduction
  4. Directional microphone
10.  How would you set the right expectations in patients for listening at high input levels?
  1. Even people with normal hearing have difficulties understanding speech in noise at high input levels
  2. Appropriate hearing aid technology (and features) are critical to ensure that speech cues are preserved (and hopefully enhanced) at high inputs
  3. Measure patient's speech in quiet and speech in noise performance to form baseline
  4. All of the above

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