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The Cross-Check Principle in Pediatric Audiometry - Forty Years Later

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1.  What is an example of the cross-check principle? Comparing your audiogram to an audiogram from another facility Comparing electroacoustic test box measurements between right and left hearing aids Comparing ABR findings with immittance measurements Comparing otoscopy with an outcome questionnaire.

2.  Who published the sentinel paper on the cross-check principle? Jerger & Hayes Jerger & Martin Sharma & Hayes Kraus & Mueller

3.  Which of the following is not a subject-related variable on the click-evoked ABR? Site of auditory dysfunction Age Gender Degree and configuration of hearing loss

4.  What hallmark findings are associated with classic auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder? Normal ABR wave V latency with increased inter-peak latencies Absent OAEs with normal pure-tone thresholds Robust cochlear microphonic with absent ABR wave V Absent acoustic reflexes and absent ABR wave V

5.  What does the Sensitivity Prediction by the Acoustic Reflex (SPAR) test compare? Acoustic reflexes of pure tones to acoustic reflexes of broadband noise Acoustic reflexes of running speech to acoustic reflexes of spondee words Acoustic reflex decay of right versus left ears Presence of acoustic reflexes to the presence of OAEs

6.  Presence of otoacoustic emissions in the absence of auditory brainstem response might be expected in which disorder? Otitis media with effusion Cochlear (sensory) hearing loss Bilateral atresia Auditory neuropathy

7.  How do objective response detection techniques improve auditory evoked potential evaluations? They improve recording conditions by filtering excessive noise They eliminate observer bias in response detection They reduce test time by 80% or more They eliminate muscle artifact as response contaminants

8.  Immittance measures can be used to: predict degree of sensory hearing by the SPAR technique identify sensory hearing loss in the presence of middle ear effusion confirm auditory neuropathy independently verify speech understanding results in children

9.  Behavioral observation of newborns allows: Identification of presence and degree of hearing loss Confirmation of auditory neuropathy Observation of the infant's interaction with the auditory environment Determination of auditory system integrity from middle ear through brainstem

10.  A pediatric audiologist should: incorporate new, validated techniques that improve pediatric audiological evaluation use a single validated test to diagnose hearing loss in babies conduct cross-checks only in infants and difficult to test children wait until the child can be tested behaviorally to diagnose hearing loss