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Leading in Hearing Science: Listening Into the Future

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1.  Which of these statements are correct?
  1. Speech developed late in human evolution but has underpinned nearly every aspect of subsequent social and cultural development.
  2. Language shapes how we think but also give voice to how we feel through poetry and prose.
  3. The capacity to generate and understand speech is managed by the human auditory cortex.
  4. A & C
2.  Which of these statements is INCORRECT?
  1. The world's knowledge has doubled every 20 years and has been the limiting factor in the rate of technology change.
  2. Despite the rate of technology change, the impact in biomedical and hearing aid development in particular, has been quite predictable.
  3. The cocktail party problem in the older listener results from not being invited to many cocktail parties leading to greater social isolation and potential cognitive decline.
  4. All of the above
3.  The main waves of technology change that are likely to drive significant change in how we manage listening difficulty over the coming decade include:
  1. Cloud computing and Bio-Sensing (including brain sensing)
  2. Quantum computing
  3. Paranormal computing
  4. There likely won't be technology changes
4.  The internet of things
  1. Will result from a wide range of electronic devices being able to communicate with each other
  2. Comprises both sensor and effector technologies
  3. Will have three times as many things connected than there will be humans on the planet by 2020
  4. All of the above
5.  The concept of auditory ecology
  1. Can be used as a framework to interpret the range of listening requirements for a given listener
  2. Explains the evolutionary development of mammalian hearing
  3. Links listening intent to listening behavior
  4. All of the above
6.  The advances in our understanding of speech encoding by the brain will likely have
  1. A limited impact on what we can do in a hearing aid over the next 10 years because of the fundamental problems of processing power and battery life
  2. A significant impact on the approach to fitting hearing aids in the next 5 to 10 years
  3. A significant impact once we find ways to directly stimulate the auditory areas of the brain
  4. Only an impact in video game development
7.  Electrocorticography (ECoG)
  1. Relies on direct recordings from the surface of the human brain and allows simultaneous recording from many cortical neurons.
  2. Is not possible at this time
  3. Is limited in interpretation because of the need to anesthetize the patient
  4. Requires multiple insertion of hypodermic needles
8.  Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) researchers are able to:
  1. Measure brain activity with the same temporal resolution as EEG but with finer spatial resolution.
  2. Read out how the auditory cortical areas are encoding a speech stream
  3. Demonstrate the changes in the focus of attention modulates the cortical neural representation of concurrent talkers (as in a cocktail party listening scenario).
  4. All of the above
9.  Understanding the neuronal code for speech will enable the development of approaches to
  1. Predicting IQ
  2. Developing better standardized college entrance exams
  3. Developing objective biological markers of the goodness of fit for a hearing aid and approaches to signal processing that can focus on the information in a speech stream.
  4. Reading people's minds
10.  Integrating bio-sensors and activity trackers into hearing aids will
  1. Will have little impact on how we actually manage hearing impairment
  2. Is an example of technology convergences that will extend the utility of hearing aids well beyond the traditional boundaries of health care
  3. Is not a realistic possibility
  4. Will have a negative impact on how we manage hearing

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