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Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Mild to Severe Hearing Loss: Auditory Experience Matters, presented in partnership with AAS

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1.  Which of the following bests describes factors that were found to influence linguistic access and outcomes of children with hearing aids?
  1. Audibility, FM system use
  2. Audibility, duration and consistency of hearing aid use
  3. Age of identification, audibility, sign use
  4. Audibility, cognitive skills, age at intervention
2.  What domains of language development may be especially vulnerable in children who are hard of hearing?
  1. Pragmatic communication and speech
  2. Symbolic play and gesture development
  3. Speech production but only intelligibility
  4. Speech production and grammatical development
3.  How did age at hearing aid fitting influence children's outcomes?
  1. Later fit resulted in irreversible language deficits
  2. Earlier fit provided developmental advantages and consistent language growth; later fit children showed steep growth curves in response to amplification
  3. Age at hearing aid fitting did not influence children's outcomes
  4. Earlier fit resulted in poorer attention skills and dependency on amplification
4.  Based on the OCHL study, which of the following groups may be at greatest risk for reduced hearing aid use?
  1. Toddlers
  2. Children from less resourced families
  3. Children with mild degrees of hearing loss
  4. All of the above
5.  In what ways did degree of hearing loss influence longitudinal outcomes?
  1. There was a systematic decline in language scores with increasing hearing loss
  2. Only moderate or greater degrees of hearing loss impacted children's language levels
  3. Degree of hearing loss did not influence longitudinal outcomes
  4. There was a systematic increase in language scores with increasing hearing loss
6.  Why is it important to obtain aided audibility measures on children who wear hearing aids?
  1. The OCHL study documented that aided audibility influenced rate of language growth
  2. It is not important because unaided measures are enough
  3. Risk for language delay decreased when hearing aids were underfit
  4. Because research shows most children are overfit with amplification
7.  Which of the following statements characterize the OCHL findings related to children with mild hearing loss?
  1. They tended to use hearing aids and perform like peers with normal hearing
  2. They were at risk for delays in grammar in spite of wearing hearing aids
  3. They were at risk for delays in grammar if they did not wear hearing aids
  4. They only demonstrated risk in vocabulary
8.  How did parental input directed to 3 year olds who are hard of hearing differ from that directed to children with normal hearing?
  1. Parents were more directive when talking to children who are hard of hearing
  2. Parents used fewer abstract ideas when addressing children who are hard of hearing
  3. Parents whose homes had high levels of electronic media engaged in fewer conversational turns
  4. All of the above
9.  What is the relevance of examining children's understanding of sarcasm?
  1. Understanding of sarcasm is a low-level language skill that should be understood in preschool
  2. Such measures may be sensitive to the impact of hearing loss on children's social skills
  3. Understanding of sarcasm is only related to children's language abilities
  4. There is no relevance to examining children's understanding of sarcasm
10.  Which of the following statements are consistent with conclusions drawn by the OCHL team?
  1. Maternal education is a factor that influences children's outcomes and its contributions may be underestimated in this study
  2. The data do not support the importance of language input
  3. Early identification practices are not supported by the findings of the study
  4. Maternal education does not influence children's outcomes

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