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Binaural Hearing and Cognitive Load in Complex Listening Environments, presented in partnership with the American Auditory Society

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1.  In a normal auditory system, binaural cues result from: Interaural time differences and interaural level differences, both at low frequencies. Interaural time differences at low frequencies and interaural level differences at high frequencies. Interaural level differences at low frequencies and timing differences in the envelopes of low frequencies. None of the above

2.  In bilateral CI users, the following factors might contribute to limited performance compared to normal hearing listeners: Speech processing strategies with binaural cues and neural pathology. Speech processing strategies with monaural cues and lack of functioning auditory nerve. Lack of FDA approval for very early bilateral implantation in children. The fact that all bilateral CI users are prelingually deaf.

3.  In adults with bilateral CIs, the following has been observed: Sound localization in quiet is generally much poorer in CI users than normal hearing listeners. Sound localization in noise decreases on a shallow slope as signal to noise ratio becomes worse Sound localization is considerably better with two vs. one CIs None of the above

4.  In order to maximize binaural sensitivity, it may be necessary to: Present stimulation to the right and left ears at pitch matched places Set the levels of the two ears independently Reduce the dynamic range Ensure that both CIs are implanted simultaneously

5.  Studies conducted in patients with single sided deafness have shown: In general, there are no benefits to adding a CI in the deaf ear Every patient shows improved speech understanding and sound localization Speech understanding can improve, along with either improved cognitive load or worse cognitive load. Single sided deafness is not an indication for cochlear implantation.