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Noise Exposures in America

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1.  The economic impact of noise induced hearing loss includes which of the following?
  1. reduced wages
  2. higher risk of unemployment
  3. both A and B
  4. none of the above
2.  Which of the following health effects has NOT been shown to be associated with noise exposure?
  1. Hearing loss
  2. Hypertension
  3. Ischemic heart disease
  4. Cancer
3.  Which of the following statements is correct with regard to risk of hearing loss from noise?
  1. There is no clear evidence that noise causes hearing loss
  2. Noise levels need to be high, but duration does not play a factor in hearing loss
  3. Noise levels need to be sustained, but do not need to be high, to cause hearing loss
  4. The risk of hearing loss is a function of both noise intensity and exposure duration
4.  Which of the following statements is correct with regard to noise and cardiovascular disease?
  1. Risk of cardiovascular disease begins at lower noise levels than those that are currently regulated.
  2. Noise regulations have been sufficient in protecting most people in the US from an increased risk of cardiovascular disease caused by noise exposure.
  3. The risk of cardiovascular disease has only been shown to increase with exposure to high level noise (greater than 70 dB SPL).
  4. Cardiovascular disease and noise are not related.
5.  Which of the following statements best describes occupational noise exposure levels in the US from 1979 - 2014?
  1. They declined steadily and continuously over the entire period.
  2. They declined over parts of the period, but have been stable (i.e., did not decline) since about 1990.
  3. They increased steadily and continuously over the entire period.
  4. They were flat (no change) during the entire period.
6.  Which of the following statements is true about community noise exposure measurement data in America?
  1. There are reliable and up-to-date sources of national, representative data.
  2. There are not reliable and up-to-date sources of national, representative data.
  3. Community noise exposures are not sufficiently high to be of concern from a health perspective.
  4. Community noise exposure measurement data are not needed; statistical models are sufficient to predict community noise exposures with great accuracy.
7.  Which of the following is an important source of occupational noise exposure in America?
  1. Noise from manufacturing activities
  2. Noise from construction activities
  3. Noise from transportation activities
  4. All of the above
8.  Three equally important components to consider for any environmental exposure (including noise) are:
  1. cost, value, incidence
  2. temperature, fluctuation, outcomes
  3. risk, target, pervasiveness
  4. frequency, duration, intensity/level
9.  How many American workers are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of occupational noise?
  1. 0-1 million
  2. 2-4 million
  3. 8-12 million
  4. 20-25 million
10.  The best option for reducing noise sources, which also showed success in reducing air transport noise, is:
  1. Public education campaigns
  2. Increasing the number of audiologists and industrial hygienists
  3. Increased availability of hearing protection devices
  4. Direct regulation