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20Q: EMA Methodology - Research Findings and Clinical Potential

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1.  EMA can be best described as: A research methodology based on carefully controlled variables in a laboratory setting. A methodology that enables audiologists to quickly collect clinically useful information based on very little data. A methodology that involves asking participants to recall distant past events and generalizing that to present day conditions. A methodology involving repeated assessments/surveys to collect data describing respondents' current or very recent experiences and contexts in their natural environments.

2.  Which of the following is an example of EMA? Asking an elderly serviceman about his experiences in World War I A restaurant patron taking photos of food and posting an online review while dining at a restaurant. Measuring speech recognition as a function of various signal-to-noise ratios in a sound booth Interviewing a patient about his experience using his new hearing aids at the two week follow up check up.

3.  A retrospective self report: is an example of an EMA is subject to recall bias is generalizable to real world experiences has high contextual resolution

4.  EMA has been used in audiology to study: the relationship between microphone preference (omnidirectional vs. directional) and listening environments the effect of visual cues on directional microphone benefit the effectiveness of directional microphones in hearing aids using a daily diary all of the above

5.  Wu and colleagues (2015) used EMA to find out whether people could accurately report their speech recognition performance and characterize their listening contexts. They found: EMA could not be used as most subjects found the task too complex. Subjects could not accurately report their speech recognition performance nor characterize their listening contexts. Subjects could accurately report their speech recognition performance but could not characterize their listening contexts. Subjects could estimate the relative degree of speech understanding and describe listening context with reasonable accuracy.

6.  Are EMA data repeatable? Yes, studies show that EMA data are repeatable. No, studies show that EMA data are not repeatable. EMA data are repeatable for normal hearing individuals, but not for hearing impaired individuals. This question has not been adequately studied and therefore cannot be answered by current evidence.

7.  Construct validity refers to whether a measurement: is accurate is repeatable reflects what it is intended to measure is double blinded

8.  EMA has: low construct validity high construct validity poor repeatability poor accuracy

9.  The LENA system has been used to: help sample, analyze and characterize a person's listening environments provide faster wireless audio streaming enable hearing aid users to access remote programming via telehealth serve as a temporary directional mic array to improve the signal-to-noise ratio

10.  A current disadvantage of EMA in audiology is: requires a lot of data there is no means of translating the data to useful clinical information more research is needed to optimize EMA for clinical use all of the above