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Pediatric Balance Assessment: It's as Simple as A-B-C, in partnership with the American Academy of Audiology

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1.  Which is the first sensory system to develop embryologically?
  1. hearing
  2. balance
  3. vision
  4. olfaction
2.  Which of the following conditions is most likely to have a familial causation?
  1. concussion
  2. otitis media
  3. migraine
  4. labyrinthitis
3.  The Landau reflex can best be described as which of the following?
  1. Child coughs when lifted
  2. Child falls to the ground when walking
  3. Parents cannot manage their emotions
  4. Child bends their legs upward
4.  Which of the following is true about the cervical VEMP (c-VEMP)?
  1. Is the best electrophysiological test for infants
  2. Can be performed on infants as young as 3-months of age
  3. Has normative data
  4. All of the above
5.  Which of the following is true about the video head impulse test (v-HIT)?
  1. it should never be used on children younger than 3-years of age
  2. It can be performed on infants as young as 10 months of age
  3. It does not have standardized norms
  4. It is not a reliable test of peripheral vestibular function
6.  Which of the following is NOT one of the most common causes of vestibular dysfunction in children?
  1. migraine
  2. otitis media
  3. trauma
  4. acoustic neuroma
7.  What is the earliest age that cVEMP can be tested?
  1. 2 days old
  2. 2 weeks old
  3. 3 months old
  4. 5 years old
8.  Which children are at risk for vestibular deficits?
  1. those identified with sensorineural hearing loss
  2. those with syndromes or other acquired complicating medical factors such as meningitis
  3. those with delayed motor milestones including children who may be considered "uncoordinated"
  4. all of the above
9.  What is the most frequent cause of pediatric dizziness, with symptoms that may include vomiting, vertigo, imbalance, and ataxia?
  1. BPV of childhood
  2. Neurofibromatosis
  3. Lead exposure syndrome
  4. Roseola
10.  Which is true about vestbular deficits in children?
  1. They pose potential quality of life and safety issues
  2. Hearing thresholds can be used in isolation to indicate status of vestibular function
  3. Testing should not begin until puberty, when the vestibular system is fully matured.
  4. Most children outgrow vestibular deficits without evaluation or treatment