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Perception in Noise

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1.  Only looking at the S/N may ignore the effect of Linguistic effects on the signal The ability of the listener to piece together an incomplete signal Context and situational cues All of the above

2.  In noisy situations, patients with SNHL show Remarkable consistency across different types of competition The same performance during clinical tests as in real world situations High variability from patient to patient Performance that is completely predictable based on the amount of pure-tone hearing loss

3.  The term Spoken Language Understanding is preferred by the presenter because It more accurately describes the intent of the listener It accounts for a variety of linguistic influences on perception It highlights that the same message can be constructed using different word choices All of the above

4.  The listener creates the perception of speech objects by Following the speech signal over time Predicting what will be said next Filling in segments that were not accurately coded using a variety of stored information sources All of the above

5.  When listening to speech in competition: All noise is equally disruptive Speech against a background of speech is easier to perceive Linguistically recognizable competition is more disruptive Speech-shaped noise is the only competition that should be used

6.  Clear Speech: Can only be created by computers Takes too much time to train Has never been proven to be effective Produces a significant improvement in speech understanding

7.  An older patient with poorer remaining cognitive skills Can still receive benefit from amplification Will not benefit from advanced technology Should only use one hearing aid due to cognitive overload Should limit their use time of amplification

8.  Improving the S/N Is not possible with hearing aids Is an effective way to improve performance in a variety of listening environments Will overcome all cognitive and perceptual deficits in patients Can only be accomplished with remote microphones

9.  The Laundry Day example demonstrates The flexibility of the cognitive system The influence of short term memory on spoken language perception The fact that speech gains meaning over time All of the above

10.  Normal age-related cognitive declines Are remarkably consistent across older adults Do not affect spoken language understanding Are the same as age-related IQ declines Can influence how much effort the listener must expend in order to follow a conversation