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Making Speech More Distinct

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1.  The rate of phoneme production is: Greater in conversational speech than “formal” speech Varies significantly from talker to talker Is in the range of 3 to 8 phonemes per second All of the above

2.  Isolated phonemes: Have the same properties for all talkers Rarely occur in conversational speech Are always produced the same way by a given talker None of the above

3.  The most effective acoustic changes to improve speech understanding include: Increased vowel durations Modified second formants Increased level of unvoiced fricatives Reduced pauses

4.  The nature of conversational speech is such that: It is easy to identify the start and end of individual phonemes Phonemes usually are produced in their fully formed mode The signal only takes on meaning when integrated over time None of the above

5.  Clear Speech: Are the natural changes that occur when a talker attempts to become more easily understood by a listener Leads to measurable changes in the way phonemes are produced Will change the rate and intensity of speech All of the above

6.  The typical changes that occur with Clear Speech include: More released final stops Increased C/V ratio Longer phoneme durations All of the above

7.  Training a talker to produce Clear Speech: Can be achieved within 10-15 minutes for the majority of talkers Requires a talker with extensive professional speaking or theatrical experience Requires multiple training sessions Must be repeated on a regular basis

8.  Improving speech understanding can be achieved by: Slowing Information flow over time Enhancing the level of information-intensive consonants Reducing speech-on-speech masking effects All of the above

9.  Automatic speech recognition currently: Achieves only about 80% maximum identification Works just as well for conversational speech than for clear speech Works just as well for random talkers as for one profiled talker None of the above

10.  Challenges to computer-based speech enhancement currently include Sound quality concerns Accuracy of identification Real-time identification All of the above