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Putting the 'Neural' Back in Sensorineural: Cochlear Neurodegeneration in Noise and Aging, presented in partnership with American Auditory Society

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1.  Noise that produces a robust but temporary threshold shift (TTS): causes outer hair cell wipeouts at affected cochlear frequencies causes temporary loss of inner hair cell synapses has no persistent effects on the ear or hearing none of the above

2.  Noise-induced TTS: is largest at frequencies lower than the exposure frequencies can be associated with permanent cochlear injury is of no concern because it's only temporary is strictly prohibited by federal hearing conservation programs

3.  Lack of permanent threshold shift (PTS) after noise indicates: the noise exposure was safe there was no loss of cochlear synapses ear protection is unnecessary in this noise none of the above

4.  Noise-induced threshold shifts can be influenced by: duration of the exposure frequency content of the exposure vulnerability of the individual all of the above

5.  The pure tone threshold audiogram: can reflect noise-induced and age-related loss of OHCs as threshold elevations provides an imperfect reflection of underlying injury can show a "noise notch" in ears with a history of noise exposure all of the above

6.  Loss of inner hair cell synapses: interrupts communication with auditory nerve fibers can be followed by proportional loss of auditory neurons can occur even when noise-induced threshold shifts are temporary all of the above

7.  Threshold elevations with aging and after noise often include a contribution due to OHC injury or loss can co-occur in the same ear can reduce audibility for the sounds of speech all of the above

8.  Diffuse neural loss with aging and after noise is sensitively revealed by: the pure tone threshold audiogram DPOAE thresholds reduced suprathreshold amplitudes of ABR Wave I ABR thresholds

9.  Recent work in animal models reveals that: cochlear synaptopathy is a primary consequence of both noise exposure and aging loss of cochlear synapses can be permanent and progressive after TTS-producing noise thresholds are quite insensitive to diffuse neural loss all of the above

10.  OSHA noise exposure guidelines: aim to protect all workers from TTS use audiometric thresholds for monitoring worker injury due to noise specify permissible exposures in terms of level and duration b and c