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Impact of Auditory Access on Speech and Language Development

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1.  Language outcomes are predicted to improve over time for children who: Wear poorly-fit hearing aids on a full-time basis. Have a mild hearing loss and do not wear hearing aids. Wear hearing aids that provide optimal audibility two hours a day. Consistently wear well-fit hearing aids, regardless of degree of hearing loss.

2.  As they get older, preschool children who are hard of hearing remain most vulnerable to delays in: Word learning/vocabulary development Grammar/morphosyntax Motor-speech skills Nonverbal cognition

3.  Compared to a child who has a mild HL, a child who has a moderate to severe degree of HL is more likely to have a: Later age of identification, but shorter delay to HA fitting after confirmation of HL Higher aided SII and less consistent HA use Lower aided SII and more consistent HA use History of middle ear effusion

4.  Which of the following factors related to consistency of hearing aid use are NOT malleable to effects of intervention? Parent perception of benefit with hearing aids. Frequency of hearing aid listening checks. Parent confidence managing the hearing aids. Socioeconomic status of the family.

5.  Why is it important to train parents and interventionists to perform daily listening checks of the hearing aids? It's not- monitoring thresholds and verifying with speechmapping at regular audiology visits is enough. Issues related to sound quality (distortion or weak output) can be discovered. Parents do not need to listen to the HAs as long as the indicator light is blinking and/or feedback is present in a cupped hand. Parents can detect when the battery has died.

6.  How can parent ratings of hearing aid use consistency be incorporated when counseling parents? As a supplement to datalogging, consistency ratings can be used to create targeted goals for overcoming obstacles in situations of low use. Consistency ratings can be used to show parents that hearing aids are not beneficial in unsupervised situations. Consistency ratings do not tell us more than datalogging and environmental classifiers within the manufacturer's fitting software and should not be used when counseling parents. Consistency ratings are not helpful because they take too much time and may not be reliable.

7.  Children who have mild HL: Wear amplification more consistently than children who have moderate-severe degrees of HL. If not identified through newborn hearing screening, are more likely to have a delayed HA fitting than children who have moderate-severe degrees of HL. In terms of speech and language development, do not get as much benefit from their aided audibility compared to children who have greater degrees of HL. Are not at risk for delayed language or speech.

8.  Based on recommended guidelines, what is the most accurate method of verifying audibility for pediatric hearing aids? Simulated REAR using average RECD REAR using probe microphone measures in child's ear Aided audiogram/functional gain Simulated REAR using probe microphone measures & measured RECD

9.  Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the length of delays between milestone steps (first diagnostic test, confirmation of HL, and HA fitting) for children who are identified with hearing loss at newborn hearing screening? Degree of hearing loss Maternal level of education Gender Number of siblings

10.  Based on the Outcomes of Children with Hearing Loss (OCHL) study findings, which factor does NOT relate to consistent hearing aid use for children who are hard of hearing? Gender Greater degree of hearing loss Higher level of maternal education Older age